一、什么是航空模型

1、 What is an aviation model

在國際航聯(lián)制定的競賽規(guī)則里明確規(guī)定“航模是一種重于空氣的，有尺寸限制的，帶有或不帶有發(fā)動機的，不能載人的航空器，就叫航空模型（圖1），是各種航空器模型的總稱，它包括航空飛機和其他模型飛行器，簡稱為“航模”。

In the competition rules formulated by the International Aviation Federation, it is clearly stipulated that "aircraft models are heavier than air, have size limitations, with or without engines, and cannot carry passengers. They are called aviation models (Figure 1), which is a general term for various aircraft models, including aviation aircraft and other model aircraft, abbreviated as" aviation models ".

（1）飛機模型

(1) Aircraft model

一般認為不能飛行的，以某種飛機的實際尺寸按一定比例制作的模型叫飛機模型。

A model made in proportion to the actual size of a certain aircraft, which is generally believed to be unable to fly, is called an aircraft model.

（2）模型飛機

(2) Model aircraft

一般稱能在空中飛行的模型為模型飛機，叫航空模型。

A model aircraft that can fly in the air is generally referred to as an aviation model.

二、航空模型的組成

2、 Composition of aviation models

航模飛機一般與載人的飛機一樣，主要由機翼、尾翼、機身、起落架、發(fā)動機和控制系統(tǒng)六部分組成。

Model aircraft, like manned aircraft, are mainly composed of six parts: wings, tail, fuselage, landing gear, engine, and control system.

1、機翼―――是模型飛機在飛行時產生升力的裝置，并能保持模型飛機飛行時的橫側穩(wěn)定。

1. Wing - is a device that generates lift during flight of a model aircraft and can maintain lateral stability during flight.

怎樣制作一架好的航空模型

How to make a good aviation model

2、尾翼―――包括水平尾翼和垂直尾翼兩部分。水平尾翼可保持模型飛機飛行時的俯仰穩(wěn)定，垂直尾翼保持模型飛機飛行時的方向穩(wěn)定。水平尾翼上的升降舵能控制模型飛機的升降， 垂直尾翼上的方向舵可控制模型飛機的飛行方向。也有模型飛機使用V型尾翼，需要混合控制，一般航模遙控器都有此功能。兩片向外傾斜的尾翼聯(lián)合控制方向舵與升降舵。特殊的情況是機翼采用S翼型的無動力滑翔機，這類機只有垂直尾翼而沒有水平尾翼。

2. Tail wing - includes two parts: horizontal tail wing and vertical tail wing. The horizontal tail can maintain the pitch stability of the model aircraft during flight, while the vertical tail can maintain the directional stability of the model aircraft during flight. The elevator on the horizontal tail can control the lifting of the model aircraft, while the rudder on the vertical tail can control the flight direction of the model aircraft. There are also model aircraft that use V-shaped tail fins and require hybrid control, which is usually available on the model aircraft remote control. Two outward sloping tail fins jointly control the rudder and elevator. The special case is an unpowered glider with an S-shaped wing, which has only a vertical tail and no horizontal tail.

3、機身―――將模型的各部分聯(lián)結成一個整體的主干部分叫機身。同時機身內可以裝載必要的控制機件，設備和燃料等。

3. The main body, which connects the various parts of the model into a whole, is called the fuselage. At the same time, the fuselage can be loaded with necessary control components, equipment, and fuel.

4、起落架―――供模型飛機起飛、著陸和停放的裝置。機頭一個起落架，機翼下方兩面各一個起落架叫前三點式, 機頭兩個起落架，尾部一個起落架叫后三點式。

4. Landing gear - a device used for takeoff, landing, and parking of model aircraft. There is one landing gear at the nose and one landing gear on each side below the wings, which is called the front three-point landing gear. There are two landing gears at the nose and one landing gear at the tail, which is called the rear three-point landing gear.

5、發(fā)動機―――它是模型飛機產生飛行動力的裝置。模型飛機常用的動 力裝置有：橡筋束、活塞式發(fā)動機、渦輪噴氣式發(fā)動機、電動機。

5. Engine - It is a device that generates flight power for a model aircraft. The commonly used power devices for model aircraft include rubber bands, piston engines, turbojet engines, and electric motors.

6、太陽能板及各類電池也可作為模型飛機的動力來源。

6. Solar panels and various types of batteries can also serve as power sources for model aircraft.

7、控制系統(tǒng)―――控制系統(tǒng)主要用來控制模型的空中機動，包括起飛降落轉向等。分為發(fā)射機（及所說的遙控器）和接收機（在飛機上與各電子設備連接）。高級航?？梢杂糜跀?shù)據(jù)回傳，例如溫度傳感，空速表，高度計，升降率計，gps，F(xiàn)PV等。

7. Control System - The control system is mainly used to control the aerial maneuvers of the model, including takeoff, landing, and turning. It is divided into a transmitter (and the remote control) and a receiver (connected to various electronic devices on the aircraft). Advanced aircraft models can be used for data retrieval, such as temperature sensing, airspeed meters, altimeters, lift meters, GPS, FPV, etc.